Kecerdasan Buatan dan Pendidikan Islam: Peluang, Tantangan, dan Etika Pemanfaatannya dalam Pembelajaran

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines the opportunities, challenges, and ethical boundaries of artificial intelligence (AI) use in Islamic education, with particular attention to higher education and learning practices. The discussion focuses on generative AI, AI chatbots, adaptive learning, automated feedback, academic integrity, religious knowledge authority, digital literacy, and the preservation of adab in technology-rich classrooms.

Design/Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted using 15 peer-reviewed studies published between 2023 and 2026, all with verifiable Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). The studies were coded into opportunity, risk, ethical principle, classroom practice, and institutional governance themes. Evidence from Islamic education was interpreted together with recent higher-education research on generative AI.

Findings: AI can expand access to learning resources, support differentiated instruction, improve feedback, assist teachers in preparing materials, and stimulate inquiry. However, the same technologies can produce inaccurate religious information, algorithmic bias, privacy risks, plagiarism, shallow learning, dependence, and a shift of epistemic authority from qualified teachers and scholars to opaque systems. The educational value of AI therefore depends less on the mere presence of technology than on how it is framed, verified, and supervised.

Practical Implications: Islamic educational institutions should adopt a human-in-the-loop approach. Students need explicit routines for tabayyun, source verification, disclosure of AI assistance, protection of personal data, and reflection on authorship. Lecturers should redesign assessment toward oral defense, process evidence, contextual analysis, and reflective justification. Institutions need clear policies that distinguish permitted assistance, restricted uses, and prohibited substitution of student work.

Originality/Value: The article proposes an ADAB-AI framework consisting of Amanah, Disclosure, Authority awareness, Bias and benefit assessment, Accountability, and Insani oversight. The framework translates Islamic ethical values into operational decisions for prompts, verification, assessment, and governance, positioning AI as a learning aid rather than a substitute for human judgment, scholarly authority, or moral responsibility.