SCHOLARIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains is committed to maintaining the integrity, accuracy, and reliability of the scholarly record. If significant errors, ethical concerns, or publication misconduct are identified after publication, the journal will take appropriate action in accordance with established scholarly publishing practices.

1. Correction

A correction may be published when a published article contains an error that does not invalidate the overall findings, conclusions, or integrity of the article.

Corrections may include errors in:

• Author names or affiliations;
• Tables, figures, or numerical data;
• Typographical errors or factual information;
• Funding information or acknowledgements;
• Other information that affects the accuracy of the published record.

A correction notice will be published and linked to the original article. The original article will remain accessible, and any substantive changes will be clearly identified.

2. Retraction

An article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that the research findings are unreliable or that serious publication misconduct has occurred.

Reasons for retraction may include:

• Fabrication or falsification of data;
• Plagiarism;
• Duplicate or redundant publication;
• Serious errors that invalidate the findings;
• Research ethics violations;
• Use of data without appropriate authorization;
• Manipulation of the peer review process;
• Serious undisclosed conflicts of interest.

A retraction notice will clearly state the reasons for the retraction and will be linked to the original article. The original article will generally remain available in the journal archive but will be clearly marked as “Retracted” to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

3. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when there are serious concerns regarding the reliability, integrity, or ethical aspects of a published article, but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to justify a correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern will be clearly linked to the article concerned while an investigation is ongoing. It is intended to inform readers that significant issues relating to the article are currently being reviewed or investigated.

Following the completion of the investigation, the journal may take further action based on the findings, including publishing a correction, retracting the article, or withdrawing the Expression of Concern if the matter has been resolved and the statement is no longer necessary.

4. Article Removal

Removal of a published article will only be considered in exceptional circumstances, for example when an article:

• Contains unlawful or defamatory material;
• Poses a serious risk to public safety or privacy;
• Violates legal rights;
• Contains confidential information that should not have been published.

If removal is necessary, the article's metadata and bibliographic information will be retained whenever possible, together with an explanation of the reason for the removal.

5. Requests and Investigation

Requests for a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern may be submitted by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other relevant parties.

The editorial team will evaluate the available evidence and, when necessary, contact the authors, reviewers, institutions, or other relevant parties before reaching a final decision.

All decisions will be based on evidence, editorial independence, fairness, transparency, and the protection of the integrity of the scholarly record.

6. DOI and Metadata

When a correction, retraction, Expression of Concern, or other post-publication notice is issued, SCHOLARIA will update the article metadata and related DOI information when necessary so that the article's status can be accurately identified by readers and indexing services.

7. Editorial Responsibility

The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for coordinating decisions regarding corrections, retractions, Expressions of Concern, and article removals. The Editor-in-Chief may consult with the Editorial Board when necessary.